Francis Hydro (water) Turbine Generator Unit

2X300KW Francis Turbine Generator Units

Francis Turbine Generator 
Main Inlet Valve (Butterfly Valve, motorized)

PLC hydraulic pressure automatic governor
Electric Control Panel (excitation, Synchronization, OC, OV, OF, UC, UV, UF Protection)

Table -1  Design Data 
Table -2
2.1 Spare parts for Turbine (per plant)
2.2 Spare parts for Generator (per plant)

Table -3

Table -4

List of Automatic Components (per unit)Table -5
Excitation and Synchronization and Protection Panel 
III. Main Parameters and Characteristics of Supplied Equipments

1. Water Turbine

Horizontal Shaft Francis Turbine
i.) General Description of the Francis Turbine

A Francis turbine consists of three major parts, the spiral case, the water distributor and the runner. the flow enter the water distribution mechanism from penstock, through MIV, expansion joint, spiral case. by the open and close of the wicket gate in the water distribution mechanism, thus control the flow into the turbine. The water enters the runner evenly and drives the runner to convert the water energy into mechanical energy, and transmit through the main shaft to drive the generator rotor to rotate and then the generator converts the mechanical energy into electric energy.
1). Water inlet structure:  consists of inlet valve, expansion joint, etc. the inlet valve is to cut off the water in case of shut down the unit. it can also be used to emergently close the water in case of the unit accident and failure of the water distribution mechanism.  The expansion joint is used to compensate the installation tolerance, and facilitate the install and dismantle of the MIV, it connect the spiral case at one end, to convey the water into the spiral case.
2). Spiral case: the spiral case is weld structure with steel board and stay rings, the wicket gate are fabricated in the stay rings.  The spiral case forms a circular water flow, guide the flow evenly enter the water distribution mechanism and runner in circular direction. There is a valve at the top of the spiral case, to discharge the air when fill up the spiral case in start-up procedure; a drain valve is provided at the bottom of the spiral case, to drain the water in case of shut-down repairs.
3). Water distribution mechanism: consists of front cover, back cover, guide vanes, guide vane sleeves, etc. Its function is to form and change the circular rector, thus regulate the flow, to match the load change.  It is also used to shut down the turbine in normal operation. The guide vane is supported by axis sleeves.  The axis sleeves are sealed with O shape seal rings.
4). Runner: the runner the heart of the turbine, it converts the water energy into mechanical energy. The runner consists of upper crown, lower band, runner blades, combined by means of welding. The material can be customized according to client requirements. The runner is mounted on the generator shaft by cone shape and torque is transmitted by key. There are pressure discharge hole on the cone hub, to reduce the axial water pressure. There are seal ring on upper crown and lower band to reduce the leakage.
5). The daft tube consists of draft connection tube, bent tube, straight cone tube. Its function is to lead water down the stream, using the potential energy of the flow under suction height, and collect the kinetic energy of the flow left over from the outlet of the runner. All connected flanges of the draft tube should be sealed.  The outlet of the cone tube lower end should be submerged with less than 400mm under water, to prevent air enter into the draft tube. There is air admission device on the draft connection tube to reduce the machine vibration.
6) Speed regulation system:  consists of governor, servomotor, regulation ring, etc. the governor control the servomotor, regulation ring, to adjust the opening of the wicket gate according to load change, so the turbine output matches the outside load change.
When the governor was set at automatic position, if the turbine run away, it will automatically close the guide vane to empty load position and then the turbine can be shut down manually.

3. Turbine Generator Parameters and Characteristics
1. Model:   HLD385B-WJ-60
2. Runner Diameter: 600mm,
3. Rated Head:  Hr=51.65m   
4.  Design Flow: Qr=0.7 m³/s
5.  Rated output:  319 KW    
 6) Rated Speed: 750 rpm     
7. Runaway Speed: 1350r/min
8. Suction Height (max allowed):6m
9. Rotation Direction: clockwise direction if viewed from the generator end
10.  Max axial water thrust (Hmax=55m): 3.2 t
11.  At design water, design flow and rated speed, the turbine rated output will be no less than 319KW, turbine efficiency at designed operation point will be no less than 90 %, max operation efficiency is no less than 90%.
12. The Noise level at 1 meter distance from the turbine spiral case does not exceed 85dB(A).
13. Turbine Type: horizontal Francis turbine
14. Cavitation erosion guarantee: during 8000hour operation period (among which less than 45% rated load operation time does not exceed 500 hour, above 100% rated load operation does exceed 100 hour), the weight loss on runner, guide vane, etc, flow contact part will not exceed specified value.
15. Stable Operation Guarantee:
Given operating between minimum and maximum head range and 45% to 100% rated output range, suction head meet the design requirement, the Unit can operation at rated speed stably without causing excessive cavitation erosion.
16. Guide Vane Leakage
With in 8000 hours since commercial operation, under rated water head, the turbine guide vane full close leakage will not exceed 0.3% of rated flow.
17. Regulation Guarantee
In case of dumping 100% load, the Unit maximum speed rise would not exceed 50%, spiral case maximum pressure rise will not exceed 45%.
18. Reliability
a. In case of Runaway, if the runaway speed operation does note exceed 2 minutes, the Unit's components will not distorts.
b. The time of turbine's first overhaul is 3 years from commercial operation, whole operation life is 40 years.
19. Runner material is 0Cr13Ni4Mo.
20. Turbine generator is horizontal four pivot structure, the ф140 radial thrust bearing is mounted at the end to the turbine, housing thrust bushing and radial bushing, to under the axial water thrust and partial radial force. To the generator end is the ф140 radial bearing, to under take radial force. The Bearing is water cooling, internal circulation self lubricating structure, bearing bushing is Babbit alloy tile, platinum resistance (PT) temperature monitor components are provided on the bearing, flow indicators are provided on the cooling water pipeline.
21. Turbine spiral case water inlet direction is horizontal inlet. Air admission device is provided on the bend tube.
22. There is flywheel between the two bearings, the unit adopts hydraulic oil brake, the oil is supplied from the governor, rated brake oil pressure is 2.5Mpa.

4. Generator Parameters
1. Model: SFW300-8/850        
2. Rated Capacity: 300kW      
3.  Rated Voltage: 400V        
4. Rated Current: 541.3.1A        
5.  Rated Power Factory: 0.8 (lag) 
5. Rated Frequency: 50Hz             
7.  Phase Number.: 3                  
8. Rated Speed: 750 rpm            
9. Runaway Speed: 1480r/min      
10. Stator winding method: Y         
11. Stator insulation class: F/F     
12. Rotation Direction: clockwise direction if viewed from the generator end
13. Designed Efficiency:   92%    
14. Generator Performance:
(1) Temperature Rise, according the GB standard, when cooling media temperature is 40ºC, stator's calculation temperature rise is less than 80K, rotor's calculation temperature is less than 85K.
(2) Vibration and Swing does not exceed specification required value.
(3) Noise: Not more than 85db according standard measuring method.
(4) Ventilation Method: opening type ventilation
15. Electric Characteristics Guarantee:
a. when the stator winding is properly connected according to design method, in case of empty load at rated voltage, linear voltage wave  harmonic distortion is no more than 5%.
b. In case of empty load at rated voltage and rated speed, linear voltage "Telephone Harmonic Factor" (THF) does not exceed 3%.
c. In hot state, generator could withstand 150% rate current for 2 minutes without causing harming distortion and weld crack, etc. The voltage at such point should be as close to rated as possible.
d. In case the Generator is operating in asymmetric system, if non phase exceed rated current value, and negative phase current component vs rate current does not exceed 12%, the generator can long term operate safely. In case of asymmetric fault, in case I₂²·t<40, the generator is allowed to operate in short time, I₂ is the average square root of the negative current in t second time (per unit value).
16. Mechanical Performance Guarantee:
a. Generator should be able to withstand maximum runaway speed for 5 minutes without causing harmful distortion. When the turbine generator unit dumping 100% load, given the governor system operate normally, the Unit is permitted to connect to Grid without any check.
b. Under rated voltage or 105% rate voltage, the generator's mechanical strength could withstand stator terminal suddenly short circuited symmetrically or asymmetrically for 3 seconds without incurring harmful distortion.
17. Structure Features and Technical Requirements
Generator is horizontal, 4 pivots, roller bearing at both ends structure. Generator main shaft is coupled to turbine via flexible coupler. Generator consists of generator, rotor, end cover, brushless excitor, etc. the main bearing of the generator is two pieces of roller bearing at both end of the stator bracket.
1). Stator
      Stator unit consists of Frame, Iron core, Winding, etc. Stator Frame is Q235 steel plate, stator Iron core is low loss, non-aging, high quality cool roll thin silicon steel laminated; stator winding conductor is annealed copper, with required conductivity.
2). Rotor
Rotor unit consists of Main shaft, Magnet yoke, Magnet pole and fans etc. Main shaft adopts 45# high quality steel, and complies with JB/1270 "Specification for shaft forgings hydro turbines and hydro generators" requirements. Magnet pole consists of Iron core, Magnet pole winding, upper and lower layer board, etc. Iron core is made from laminated1.5mm steel plate and.
3). End Cover
   Front and Back End cover is foreseen, roller bearings are mounted in the end cover.
4). Monitoring Instruments
There are six PT resistance embedded in the generator stator to detect temperature.
5). Generator insulation class is F class.

Standard and specification the Equipment complies:
GB/T15468-1995        Fundamental Technical Requirements for Hydraulic Turbines
GB/T10969-1996      Specifications for Water Passage Components of Middle and Small Hydraulic Turbines
GB7894-2001            Fundamental technical specifications for Hydro generators
GB11805-89                Basic Technical Specification for automatic control components and their related systems for Middle and Small hydro generating sets
JB/DQ1554-89            Middle and small hydraulic turbine Quality classification
JB/DQ3467-88            Middle and small hydraulic turbine Generator Quality classification
DL/T563-95                  Hydraulic turbine electric and hydraulic regulation system and hydraulic pressure device technical specification
GB/T11352-89             Normal cast carbon steel for engineering use
GB6969-86                  Middle High strength stainless steel cast piece for engineering structure
GB/T699-1999            Quality Carbon Structural Steels Technical Specification     
GB/T 1591-1994       High Strength Low Alloy Structural Steels
GB/T 1591-1994         High Strength Low Alloy Structural Steels
GB/T 8162-1999        Seamless steel pipe
GB/T5117-1995          Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of non-alloy and fine grain steels
GB/T 3098.1-2010      Mechanical properties of fasteners -Bolts, screws and studs
GB/T983-2012           Covered electrodes for manual metal arc welding of stainless and heat-resisting steels
GB/T755--2000          Rotating generator, rating and performance    
GB/T1029-1993         Test procedures for three-phase synchronous machines
GB/T755--2000          Rotating generator, rating and performance    
GB/T1029-1993         Test procedures for three-phase synchronous machines
GB/T 1800.1-2009     Geometrical product specifications (GPS) - Limits and fits - Part 1: Bases of tolerances, deviations and fits
GB/T1804-1992         General tolerances for linear dimensions without individual tolerance indications
GB 2649-1989           Methods of sampling for mechanical properties tests of welded joint
GB 2651~2656-2008   Tensile test method on welded joints 
GB8564-2003          Specification installation of hydraulic turbine generator units     
GB/T 12222/12223     Multi-turn valve actuator attachments
GB 4208                     Degrees of protection provided by enclosure (IP code)
GB/T 12238-2008      Flanged and wafer resilient seal butterfly valves
GB/T13927-92           General purpose valve - pressure test
GB/T 9112-2010        Types and parameters for steel pipe flanges
GB/T12227-2005      General purpose industrial valve-Specification of spherical graphite iron castings
GB/T 1047-2019        Pipework components -Definition and selection of nominal size
GB 1094-1996           Power transformers
JB/T 10318-2002      Specification and technical requirements for oil immersed amorphous ally core distribution transformer
GB/T 6451-2015       Specification and technical requirements for oil-immersed power transformers
JB/T8860-1997         Specification for turbine generator unit packing, transportation and storage

2. Check and Test
The "supplier" must check, test and pre-assembly the equipments and major components in the factory according related technical standard and specification, to find out the quality and performance index complies with related requirements, properly adjust assembly part clearance, make matching mark or position pin, to ensure correct assembly on the site.
All factory inspection items and ex-factory inspection items will generator inspection report and record.

The turbine generator is different for every hydropower plant.
To make a customized quotation we need to make the model selection first.

Project data required for turbine generator model selection :It would be great if you have a complete specification document for the machine requirement,
Our engineer will make their professional suggestion and advice.
The model selection service is completely free.